Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of coastal governance laws in preventing and addressing damage to public infrastructure and formulate the necessary legal reforms to align coastal infrastructure protection with sustainable development goals. The damage to public facilities in coastal areas, such as embankments, coastal roads, people's ports, and flood control systems is increasing due to development pressures, changes in spatial planning, and the impact of climate change. Although Indonesia already has a relatively comprehensive regulatory framework in the management of coastal areas, the environment, and spatial planning, there is still a gap between legal norms and the effectiveness of their implementation in preventing damage to public infrastructure. This study uses normative legal research methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis is carried out based on the Theory of the State of Law to assess the effectiveness of applicable regulations, as well as the Theory of Sustainable Development to formulate the direction of legal reform. The results of the study show that normatively coastal governance laws have met the principles of legality and attribution of authority, but their effectiveness is still hampered by the fragmentation of authority, weak coordination between levels of government, and the lack of optimal integration of climate change risk-based approaches in coastal infrastructure development standards. This study concludes that the necessary legal reforms are integrative and transformative, including strengthening the principle of prudence, internalizing environmental costs through the polluter pays principle, affirming intergenerational justice, spatial integration and ecosystem protection, and strengthening administrative and restorative accountability mechanisms. With these reforms, the protection of coastal infrastructure is not only reactive to damage, but also part of a legal system that is preventive, adaptive, and in line with the goals of sustainable development.

Keywords: Governance, Coastal, Sustainable, Accountability, Law, Damage, Public Facilities, Indonesia.